河南光伏發電的(de)主要(yao)原(yuan)理是半(ban)導體的(de)光(guang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)效(xiao)應。光(guang)子(zi)照射到(dao)金屬(shu)上(shang)時(shi)，它的(de)能(neng)(neng)量(liang)可(ke)以(yi)被金屬(shu)中(zhong)(zhong)某個電(dian)(dian)(dian)子(zi)全部吸收，電(dian)(dian)(dian)子(zi)吸收的(de)能(neng)(neng)量(liang)足夠大，能(neng)(neng)克服(fu)金屬(shu)內部引力做功(gong)，離開金屬(shu)表面逃逸出來，成(cheng)為(wei)(wei)光(guang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)子(zi)。硅原(yuan)子(zi)有4個外層(ceng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)子(zi)，如果在(zai)純(chun)硅中(zhong)(zhong)摻入有5個外層(ceng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)子(zi)的(de)原(yuan)子(zi)如磷原(yuan)子(zi)，就成(cheng)為(wei)(wei)N型半(ban)導體；若(ruo)在(zai)純(chun)硅中(zhong)(zhong)摻入有3個外層(ceng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)子(zi)的(de)原(yuan)子(zi)如硼原(yuan)子(zi)，形(xing)(xing)成(cheng)P型半(ban)導體。當P型和N型結(jie)合在(zai)一(yi)起時(shi)，接觸(chu)面就會形(xing)(xing)成(cheng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)勢差，成(cheng)為(wei)(wei)太陽能(neng)(neng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池。當太陽光(guang)照射到(dao)P－N結(jie)后(hou)，空穴由P極(ji)區往N極(ji)區移動(dong)，電(dian)(dian)(dian)子(zi)由N極(ji)區向P極(ji)區移動(dong)，形(xing)(xing)成(cheng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)流。